Chapter 4: The Legal Requirements of Boating
Fire Extinguishers

All vessels, including PWCs, are required to have a Type B fire extinguisher(s) on board if the vessel is equipped with any device which consumes a petroleum product (for example, engines, lanterns, stoves, etc,).

Extinguishers are classified by a letter and number symbol. The number indicates the relative size of the extinguisher and the letter indicates the type and size of fire it will extinguish:

• Type A fires are of combustible solids like wood.
• Type B fires are of flammable liquids like gasoline or oil.
• Type C fires are electrical fires.

Approved types of fire extinguishers are identified by the following marking on the label—“Marine Type USCG Approved”—followed by the size and type symbols and the approval number.

Use this chart to determine the type and quantity of fire extinguishers required for your vessel.

Extinguishers should be placed in an accessible area—not near the engine or in a compartment, but where they can be reached immediately. Be sure you know how to operate them.

Fire extinguishers must be maintained in usable condition.

• Extinguishers should be serviced at least every two years. See the label for additional servicing information.
• Inspect extinguishers regularly to ensure the following.
  • Seals and tamper indicators are not broken or missing.
  • Pressure gauges or indicators read in the operable range.
  • There is no physical damage, corrosion, leakage, or clogged nozzles.

Fire Extinguisher Charge Indicators

Check the charge level of your fire extinguishers regularly. Replace them immediately if they are not fully charged.

To check this style of extinguisher, depress the green button. If it is fully charged, the green button should pop back out immediately.
On this style of fire extinguisher, the needle indicator should be in the "full" range.

Backfire Flame Arrestors

Because vessel engines may backfire, all powerboats (except outboards) fueled with gasoline must have an approved backfire flame arrestor on each carburetor. They are designed to prevent the ignition of gasoline vapors in case the engine backfires.

• Backfire flame arrestors must be:
  • In good and serviceable condition
  • U.S. Coast Guard–approved (must comply with SAE J-1928 or UL 1111 standards)
• Periodically clean the flame arrestor and check for any damage.

Proper Ventilation

The importance of ventilation is crucial. The purpose of ventilation systems is to avoid explosions by removing flammable gases. Properly installed ventilation systems greatly reduce the chance of a life-threatening explosion.

• All gasoline-powered vessels, constructed in a way that would entrap fumes, must have at least two ventilation ducts fitted with cowls to remove the fumes. At least one exhaust duct must extend from the open atmosphere to the lower bilge. At least one intake duct must extend from a point at least midway to the bilge or below the level of the carburetor air intake.
• If your vessel is equipped with a power ventilation system, turn it on for at least four minutes after fueling, prior to starting your engine.
• If your vessel is not equipped with a power ventilation system (like PWCs), open the engine compartment and sniff for gasoline fumes before starting the engine.

WARNING: Gasoline vapors can explode. Before starting engine, operate blower for four minutes and check (using your nose) engine compartment for gasoline vapors. Vessels built after July 31, 1980, which contain power exhaust blowers in gasoline engine compartments, must have the above warning sticker placed near the instrument panel.

Powerboats are built to ventilate the engine when underway. As the boat moves along, an air intake scoops up fresh air and forces it down the air duct into the engine compartment. The exhaust sucks out the explosive fumes from the lowest part of the engine and fuel compartments.

Mufflers

All vessel engines must be equipped with an effective muffling device. Excessive noise can prevent a vessel operator from hearing signals and voices.

• It is illegal to modify the muffling system if the result is increased noise.
• There may be federal and local regulations restricting vessels with an over-the-transom exhaust system.

Vessel Safety Checks

The U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary and U.S. Power Squadrons will perform a Vessel Safety Check (VSC) of your vessel and equipment free of charge. This inspection covers federal and state requirements. If your vessel meets all VSC requirements, you will receive a VSC decal. If your vessel fails to meet all requirements, no report is made to any law enforcement agency.